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Multiple Choice (worth 1 point each)

1. The ultimate source of food is ______.

a. the grocery store

b. the soil

c. certain green plants

d. the sun

e. various metabolic pathways

2. The carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis is _____.

a. carbon monoxide

b. carbon dioxide

c. hydrocarbons

d. methane

e. glucose

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. photons are packages of solar energy

b. the longer the wavelength of light the more energy it has.

c. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from light

d. light waves of different lengths produce different colors.

e. Visible light is a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

4. ____ occurs in the stroma.

a. light capture

b. oxygen liberation from water

c. CO2 capture

d. sugar synthesis

e. both c and d

5. Photosystems are mainly ____.

a. light trapping molecules

b. enzymes for splitting water

c. clusters of ATP molecules

d. sugar assembly sites

e. b, c and d

6. It is only during ____ that the chloroplasts within the plant cells trap light energy and convert it into chemical energy.

a. respiration

b. transpiration

c. photosynthesis

d. leaf formation

e. plant growth

7. A ____ has its leaflets diverging from a single point.

a. monocot leaf

b. palmately compound leaf

c. pinnately compound leaf

d. simple leaf

e. simple compound leaf

8. Trichomes are associated with ____.

a. xylem

b. epidermis

c. periderm

d. phloem

e. parenchyma

9. The first leaves to form as part of the plant embryo are the ____.

a. habit leaves

b. water leaves

c. sun leaves

d. cotyledons

e. shade leaves

10. Shoot apical meristem and primary meristems of the stem are located in _____.

a. buds

b. nodes

c. internodes

d. modules

e. cotyledons

11. The embryonic root is the _____.

a. primary root

b. lateral root

c. seminal root

d. radicle

e. prop root

12. The _____ is a group of small, regularly shaped cells, most of which are dividing.

a. root cap

b. root apical meristem

c. quiescent center

d. region of elongation

e. region of maturation

13. The absorbing surface of a root is increased mostly by _____.

a. root cap

b. root epidermis

c. root hairs

d. secondary growth

e. region of elongation

14. Which of the following has silica in the epidermal cells of the stem, and were therefore known as "scouring rushes" to the pioneers?

a. ferns

b. mosses

c . club mosses

d. whisk ferns

e. horsetails

15. Which of the following would NOT be a necessary adaptation in plants that had recently colonized terrestrial environments?

a. complex structure for support

b. cuticle

c. epidermis with stomates

d. complex structure for adaptation of nutrients

e. all of the above WOULD be necessary for life on land

Short Answers (worth 3 points each)

1. Describe a trait of bryophytes (mosses and moss-like plants) that is similar to algae but not similar to vascular plants.

2. Describe a trait of bryophytes (mosses and moss-like plants) that is similar to vascular plants but not to algae.

3. Describe a trait of bryophytes (mosses and moss-like plants) that is unique in the plant kingdom.

4. Why do bryophytes require moist environments? Give 2 reasons.

5. List 3 groups (use common names) of bryophytes.

6. Ferns and fern-allies represent important advances in the ability of plants to live in terrestrial environments. What group of plants displayed some adaptations to land before ferns and fern allies arrived on the scene?

7. List 2 adaptations of ferns and fern allies for living on land not present in any plant groups that evolved before ferns.

8. Describe which plants were important contributors to our coal reserves.

9. Distinguish between a fibrous root system and a tap root system. Which plant groups are most likely to have each?

10. List and define the 3 major functions of roots.

11. Describe how you would identify the region of maturation if you were looking at a root.

12. Tell how differences in design of root systems might help plants compete for water and minerals; cite an example.

13. What are the 2 major functions of shoot systems in plants?

14. Distinguish between nodes and internodes.

15. Describe or draw 2 common arrangements of leaves on a stem (phyllotaxis).

16. Distinguish between simple and compound leaves.

17. What are the functions of veins on a leaf?

18. Write the general chemical equation for photosynthesis.

19. What are the 2 main steps in photosynthesis?

20. What is carbon fixation?

Essays - Worth 10 points each

(CHOOSE 2 OF THE FOLLOWING 4 QUESTIONS - use NO MORE than this page to answer your questions.)

1. Describe Photosynthesis - what are the main events in the light reactions and Calvin Cycle, and what is the role of each in photosynthesis? 

2. What are the 4 main groups of plants extant on earth today? Describe the major advances in evolution represented by each group.

3. Draw a root longitudinal section and label the following parts: root cap, quiescent center, root apical meristem, region of elongation and region of maturation.

4. Relate the function of the leaf petiole to the boundary layer.