XII. Rock Deformation

A. Basics
  1. stress - causes strain (deformation)
  2. strain - change in shape caused by stress
B. Types of stress
  1. tension <---- ----->
  2. compression -----> <------
  3. shear
C. Strain
  1. types
    1. brittle - fracture, break
    2. ductile - bend, fold (plastic deformation)
  2. controlling factors
    1. temperature
    2. pressure
    3. strain rate
D. Brittle deformation - faults
  1. basics
    1. hanging wall
    2. footwall
  2. tension - hanging wall moves down
    1. normal faults
  3. compression - hanging wall moves up
    1. reverse faults - steep fault
    2. thrust faults - gently dipping fault
  4. shear
    1. strike slip faults
E. Ductile deformation
  1. anticlines
  2. synclines
  3. monoclines
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