Energy - heat energy, temperature

Heat transfer: conduction; convection; advection, radiation

(short) x-rays >>>> UV >>>> visible >>>>>IR>>>>> radio waves (long)

everything emits em radiation, wavelength decreases with increasing temperature , amount of energy radiated increases with increasing temperature

Absorption of electromagnetic radiation: blackbodies, selective absorbers ; ozone - O₃ - absorbs short wavelength UV radiation (hot sun); greenhouse gases - (fig. 2.10, 2.11)(H₂0, CO₂, N₂O, CH₄...) absorb long wavelength IR radiation (cool Earth);

Travel paths: absorbed, transmitted redirected, reflected, albedo, scattered; blue sky; haze; red sunset and sunrise

Energy Budget (fig. 2.19; 2.10; Table 2-4)

Satellite images, visible image shows thick clouds (high albedo) as bright; IR image shows temperature at top of clouds (often related to cloud height)

Compare and contrast the different mechanisms for transferring heat in the atmosphere (conduction, convection, advection, radiation). Which are most important in Earth's atmosphere?

Describe the electromagnetic spectrum and its variations in wavelength. How is wavelength related to temperature and amount of energy carried. What wavelength(s) does the sun emit? What wavelength(s) does the Earth emit. Why are they different?

Explain the difference between blackbodies and selective absorbers. Explain what wavelengths are absorbed by greenhouse gases and the source of these wavelengths. Explain what wavelengths are absorbed by ozone and the source of these waves. Why do these different systems both contribute to global warming?

What is the difference between scattering and reflecting? Which causes albedo?

Why is the sky blue at mid day but reddish at sunset?