Glaciers

parts of glaciers: zone of accumulation, more snow falls than melts - ice flows downhill; zone of ablation (wastage), melting , sublimation/evaporation, calving 

types of glaciers: valley glaciers (alpine glaciers) , continental ice sheets

Erosion : plucking, abrasion, striations , polishing, rock flour

Transport : in the ice , on the ice, on edges/front, in meltwater

Deposition : till, poorly sorted, large grain size, angular fragments; moraines, end moraines, lateral moraines, medial moraines, ground moraines - glacial erratics; stratified drift - fine-grained, well sorted, varves

Landforms : U-shaped valleys , cirques, horns , aretes , moraines

Eolian landforms

Erosion: abrasion - usually near ground surface, ventifact - abraded flat on one side, deflation - removal of fine material (dust and some sand), blowouts, desert pavement (fig. 20.2)

Transport - (fig. 20.1) - low competence, surface creep - largest particles, saltation, suspension

Deposition: sand dunes (fig. 20.6), slip face, dune migration, types of dunes (fig. 20.9), barchans, parabolic, transverse, longitudinal; loess - fine dust, wind blown, from deflation (sometimes glacial flour), forms steep slopes, often slumps

Shorelines

Waves: wavelength, wave base; swells, breakers, surf; longshore current, longshore drift, swash, backwash

Depositional beaches: passive margin shoreline; spits, baymouth bars, barrier islands, tombolo; human effects, groin, breakwater

Erosional shorelines: active margin shoreline; wave-cut cliffs, wave-cut bench , sea cave/sea arch/sea stack

Fluvial Landforms

styles: sheet wash, stream, channelized flow of water, tributaries; discharge= area x velocity, energy: gradient = vertical/horizontal, channel shape, channel roughness, vegetation

Erosion - high energy; hydraulic action, abrasion, corrosion (dissolution); downward erosion, V-shaped valleys, lateral erosion, headward erosion

Transport - variable energy; bed load (traction or saltation), suspended load, dissolved load; competence - largest piece stream can carry, capacity - amount of sediment a stream can carry

Deposition - low energy; delta - stream meets calm water (usually ocean), alluvial fan - abrupt change in gradient, flood plain, levee, meandering stream - point bar, cut bank, oxbow lake, braided stream - longitudinal bar

Drainage patterns: dendritic, trellis, radial, centripital, rectangular

Desert landforms: intermittent streams, interior drainage basins, playa lakes, salt flats, alluvial fans, bajada, inselberg

Be prepared to compare and contrast the erosion, transport, and deposition of any two of the following: streams, glaciers, deserts, shorelines

Explain the mechanisms by which a glacier loses material in the zone of ablation.

Compare and contrast till and stratified drift. What is a moraine? How do ground moraines differ from the other types of moraines?

Be prepared to define and/or identify the various alpine landforms carved by glaciers.

Explain how the process of deflation forms desert pavement.

How do dunes migrate?

Explain the difference between wave length and wave base, and how a particle of water moves as the wave passes. How does wave base affect the geometry of waves (swells vs breakers)?

Explain why sediment is transported parallel to the shoreline (longshore drift). Describe the natural depositional features related to longshore drift. How are some ways that humans affect this transport?

Describe the features of an erosional shoreline.

Describe the factors that control the energy of a stream. How does energy affect erosion? deposition?

Describe 3 ways in which streams transport sediment load. What size particles are carried by each mechanism? What is the difference between competence and capacity?

Compare and contrast the different types of stream deposits: deltas, alluvial fans, levees, floodplains, and point bars.

Describe the different types of drainage patterns, and the type of landscape in which they form.

Describe the fluvial landforms commonly found in arid environments.